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Gulf of California (also known as the Sea of Cortez) is a body of water located between the Baja California Peninsula and mainland Mexico. It is approximately 1,126km (700 miles) long and 161km (100 miles) wide at its widest point. The Gulf is connected to the Pacific Ocean through a narrow opening between the Baja California Peninsula and mainland Mexico.

The Gulf of California has a unique marine ecosystem with over 900 species of fish and more than 30 species of marine mammals. Some of the marine species found in the Gulf are endangered, such as the vaquita porpoise and the totoaba fish.

The Gulf of California is an important economic resource for the surrounding region, providing fishing opportunities for local communities and supporting tourism activities such as whale watching and scuba diving.

The region is also of cultural and historical importance as it was inhabited by various indigenous communities, including the Seri and the Yaqui, before the arrival of European explorers. The Gulf was named after the Spanish explorer Francisco de Ulloa who sailed through it in 1539.